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he (third-person singular masculine)
it (subject pronoun referring to a masculine noun)
Il est où, ton frère ?
Where is he, your brother?
impersonal subject used for weather/time (e.g., 'Il pleut')
dummy/expletive subject in impersonal constructions (e.g., 'Il faut...', 'Il est important de...')
part of the existential phrase 'il y a' (there is/there are)
Il faut que tu viennes ce soir.
You must come tonight.
Notes
GENERAL INFO
Il means "he" or "it" (for a masculine singular noun). It is a masculine singular subject pronoun.
USAGE
It refers to a male person or a masculine object:
"Il est grand." (He is tall / It is big).
It also forms impersonal expressions for weather or general statements:
"Il pleut." (It's raining),
"Il faut étudier." (It is necessary to study).
TRAPS
Distinguish between personal "il" (he/it) and impersonal "il" in phrases like "il fait beau" (it's nice weather) or "il y a" (there is/are).
Also, don't confuse it with "ils" (they).